In the 17th and 18th centuries, when traditional aristocratic authority was increasingly challenged, fallen nobility became a recognized archetype, alongside the development of the ideal gentleman. Mackie shows how these criminal and polite forms of masculinity,  appear opposite but are in fact parallel concepts. They do keep us reading! Where would we be without Lovelace, Lord Orville, and for that matter, the Dread Pirate Roberts?  Johns Hopkins University Press. 2009. Paper. NEW. $32.00